English

[at] 強調場所中的「點」，[on] 強調場所中的「面」及「線」，[in]強調場所中的「立體空間」。

1. [at] 強調場所/位置中的「點」: at 通常用來表示可視為"一點"的場所，即使地方大，只要說話人將其視為"一點"，則可用at。
2. [on] 強調場所/位置中的「面」及「線」: 指在….(面)上，在…..(路線)上
3. [in]強調場所/位置中的「立體空間」: in通常用來表示在某空間之內，不論地點大小，只要說話者著眼於"空間 (在…..裡)"，即用in。

• at 表示具体几点
• on 表示具体的日期，即：后面的时间可以确定是某个确切的日期。
• in 表示比天更长的时间，年啊。月啊。世纪啊。如果是天的话。应该是不能确定是某个确切日期的天。

以[at ] 表示「點」;以 [on]標示出「(特定)日期」或和「日期」連用的某一時間段;以[in]表示除日以外的「某一時段」。

(一) 以[at ] 表示「點」。(at 在此有「點」的感覺)

(1) [at ]表示一天中的某時刻，不用冠詞，如at 5 :20 A.M.(在凌晨5點20分)，at 11 o'clock (在11點整)，at dawn(在黎明)，at sunrise(日出時)，at noon(在正午)，at night(在晚上)，at sunset(日落時)。

(2) [at ]表示一瞬間或短暫的時間，如at that moment(在那一瞬間)，at present(目前)，at that time (那時)，at breakfast (早餐時)。

(3) [at ]表示某特定節日期間(public holiday periods)，如at Christmas(或寫成 at Christmas time )，at Easter (在復活節)。

(4) [at ]表示年齡「點」，如at the age of ten (在十歲時)，at 16(在十六歲時)。

(二) 以 [on]標示出「(特定)日期」或和日期連用的某一時間段

(1)以[on]表示某日或某特定日期，如on Monday (在星期一)， on Christmas Day (在聖誕節，指在當天)，on Independence Day (獨立紀念日)。

(2)以[on] 表示和某日連用的某一時段，如on Friday afternoon(在星期五下午)， on the morning of August the eighth(在八月八日早晨)。

(三) 以[in]表示除日以外的「某一時段」，有「線」的感覺。

(1)[in] 表示年、月、季節、世紀、時代，如 in 1997(在1997年)， in May(在五月)，in winter(在冬季)， in the 20th century(在二十世紀)，in the eighties(在八十年代)，in modern times (在現代)。

(2)與「定冠詞」連用表示一天中某個「時間段」，如in the night(在晚上)， in the morning (afternoon, evening)在早上 (下午，晚上)。

(3)[in ]表示「年齡段、時間段或在某段經歷」中，如：in one's youth(在某人青年時代) , in those days(在那些日子裡), in one’s school days.(在某人的學生時代)。

比較1:

on Christmas Day -—在聖誕節當天 (on標示特定日期)。

at Christmas (time) —在聖誕節期間 (at標示public holiday periods)。

比較2:

in the morning — 在早上，著眼於從dawn到noon的這個「時間段」。

on Monday morning —在星期一早上，著眼於「特定日期」中的某時段。

比較3:

at night —在晚上，夜晚，將night視為一個「時間點」。

in the night —在夜間，強調(從sunset 到sunrise)的這個「時段」。

in the evening —強調 (從sunset到bedtime)的這個「時段」。

註:時間介系詞的比較，部分內容參考自「溫世仁先生的動畫文法」。

They went out for a walk. What did you do that for? That's what we're here for. What's she gone for this time? He was waiting for the bus.

说明： 在通常情况下，英语不用 for doing sth来表示目的。如：

• 误： He went there for seeing his uncle.
• 正： He went there for see his uncle.

但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可以与for连用表目的。如：

• He went there for swimming.

What can I do for you? We stduy hard for our motherland. Would you please carry this for me. Do more exercise fro the good of you health.

说明：

• 有些后接双宾语的动词（如：buy, choose, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare）， 当双宾语易位时，通常用for来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。
  • She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter.
  • He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us.
• 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加for:
• 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告
  • 误： They decided to advertise for their new produce on TV
  • 正： They decided to advertise their new product on TV

  说明： advertise 可用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。 advertise sth = 为卖出某物而打广告。 advertise for sth = 为寻找某物而打广告。 如：advertise for a job = 登广告求职。

• Knives are used for cutting things.
• This knife is for cutting bread.
• It's a machine for slicing bread.
• The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold.

• He went home for his book.
• He went to his friend for advice.
• She often asked her parents for money.
• We all hope for success.
• Are you coming in for some tea.

• That's for you.
• Here is a letter for you.
• Have you room for me there?

• I am sorry for it.
• Thank you for coming to see me.
• He is famous for his poems.
• He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而坐牢。
• I could't speak for langhing.
• He could't sleep for joy.
• For several reason, I'd rather not meet her.

此处有 As a [the] result of 是习语，表示原因。 congratulate 后习惯接介词on表示原因。

• Is this bus for Chicago?
• They'll leave for Beijing tomorrow.
• They set off for the shops. 他们买东西去了。
• Is this the train for Shanghai>
• Passangers for Tianjing must change at Beijing.

• I'm going away for a few days.
• I've been here for ten years.
• He walked for ten miles.
• The shop sent me a bill for $50.

说明： for表示时间或距离的长度（尤其是紧跟在动词之后）时，有时可省略。 The meeting lasted (for) three days. They walked (for) fifty miles. 但是当for短语位于句首或在否定中时，for通常不宜省去。 For ten years he lived here. We have not heard from him for a long time.

Eggs are good for you. Reading in bed is bad for you eyes. Fortunately for me, the train was also late.

Do you have any books for children? He is the very person for the work. It's a good place for a camp. She bought some clothes for winter.

• He gave her some magazines for her dictionary.
• She bought the shirt for $50.
• I bought a pound of apple for 70 cents.
• Don't translate word for word.

• Don't take hime for a fool.
• He mistook a rope for a snake.
• He knew that for a fact.
• The missing persons were given up for dead.

说明： 用于此义时，有时相当于as, to be, as being.但要注意不同句型的搭配习惯。

• I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest.
• It was built for [as] a pleasure boat.

• Are you for or aganist the plan?
• I'm all for the young enjoying themselves.

• He's done well for a beginner.
• He is heavy for a small boy.
• She was short for her age.
• The day is cool for July.

• Plant three trees for every one that is cut down.
• He has one enemy for a hundred friends.
• For every five who passed, there were two who failed.
• For every mistake you make, you'll lose half a mark. 你每犯一个错误，就 要扣掉半分。

说明： 用于此义是， 通常与each, every或数词连用。

• What's the English for "中国"?
• What's the 'C' for in "BBC"?
• Red is for danger.
• Let me do it for you.
• The lawyer acted for him during ht trial.

• The appointment is for 10:30.
• We've invited our guests for 7 o'clock.
• We've booked our holiday for the second week in July.
• The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May.

说明： 用于此义时，for主要指安排或约定的时间，与to不同。

• He gets up at six every day.
• He was born in September, 1988.

• For all his money, he's a very lonely man.
• For all his efforts, he didn't succeed.
• I love you, for all your shortcomings.

• It is for you to decide.
• All I want is for us to be together.
• Is there any need for me to go?
• He spoke too fast for her to follow.
• It is a great pity fo him to leave here so soon.
• It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone.
• For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable.

any 用在否定和疑问句中，但当疑问句实际上表示请求，邀请，建议时，用some而不用any。 some 用在肯定句中

此时any可以出现在肯定句中。

• few 表示否定，意思为没有，几乎没有。
• a few 表示肯定，意思是有点。

• little 表示否定， 意思为没有，几乎没有。
• a little 表示肯定， 意思是有点。

1. 定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
2. 指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或者事物。
3. 用在表示宇宙间独一无二到事物的名词前。
4. 对前面已经提到的人或者事物，第二次提到时加定冠词，用以表示特指。
5. 在动词play（演奏）后与乐器名词连用。西方乐器加the，中国乐器不加the。
6. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等地理名词前加定冠词。 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe river 黄河 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
7. 表示地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分， in the east 在东方，in the west 在西方， in the front 在前面, at the back 在后面，
8. 专有名词前面， the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City,
9. 在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词，表示一家人。
10. 用在某些形容词前，表示 一类人。 the poor the rich the sick the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物
11. 用在一些习惯用语中。 in the day: 在白天 in the morning(afternoon, evening)

1. 表示独一无二的职务、身份前一般不用冠词。如：Elizabeth II, Queen of Enland 英国女王伊丽莎白二世
2. 交通工具名词前@<font color="#ff0000">不用冠词@</font>。
3. 在一些地点到名词，如：bed，church,school,hospital,home,work等。当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做到事时，@<font color="#ff0000">不加冠词。@</font>
   • go home 回家
   • go to school 去上学
   • go to church 去教堂祈祷
   • in hospital 住院
   • go to work 上班

   如果在上述词组前面加上定冠词the，可以表示去这些场所做其他事情。如：

   • He came to the school to speak to the headmaster. 他来学校和校长谈话。
   • He Went to the church to see the carvings. 他去教堂看雕刻。
   • His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.
4. 某些专有名词的前面不用冠词。如：China，Class Four
5. 在国家前不用冠词，特例国家除外：the United States of America
6. 在球类运动名称和三餐饭前，一般不用冠词。如：have launch，play football。
7. 在季节、日期、星期、节日和学科的名称前，不用冠词。如：in spring, in June, on Monday 但是表示特指的时候 @<font color="#ff0000">加冠词@</font>
8. 在不可数名词（抽象名词和物质名词）前面，一般不用冠词。如： We have all played with snow and ice。 我们都玩过雪和冰。
9. 名词前面已有作定语用的this，these,that,those,my,their,your,his,some,many等词时，常常不用冠词，如:The letter is in her pocket.信在她的衣袋里。
10. 在某些习惯用法和固定短语中，常不用冠词。如：in bed, after school, by bus。

What + n. + adj. + S + v. ! What a beautiful ship it is!

How + adj. + S + v.! How beautiful the ship is!

含有实在的意义，表示动作 或 状态， 在句中独立做谓语。

本身有一定的词义，但不能独立出现。

• 状态系动词 用来表示主语的状态，中有be一词
• 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,
• 表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look
• 感官系动词 表感觉，感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
• 变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, gome, run
• 终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作， 主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意。

本身没有词义，和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式，助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。

• 助动词是指没有实际意义但能提前(提到句子前面)构成疑问或直接加not构成否定的动词。

英语中有12个这样的动词。do, be ,have, can, may, need,dare, must, will, shall, used ,ought.这12个词必须构成合成谓语。

本身有一定的意义，表示说话人的义正语气和情态。

• 联系动词是实义动词。不能提前构成疑问，也不能加not构成否定。

be动词很特殊，兼有特殊助动词和普通实义动词特点。 it's getting cool. is是助动词，不是系词。没有实意。仅起提前疑问和加not否定作用。 Is it cool.这里的is既是特殊助动词也是普通实意联系动词。 It gets cool.get是普通实意联系动词。不能提前疑问，不能加not否定。

i like to play football in my free time with my friends. 可以理解为某次空闲时间喜欢和朋友踢足球，另一次空闲时间就喜欢干别的。

i like playing football in my free time with my friends. 可以理解为任何空闲时间都喜欢和朋友踢足球。

• if we have a plan, ambition or intention to do something in the furture we use ' be going to '
• If we decided to do something of arranged to do something in the near future, we use 'be going to'

• We use the Future Simple Tense when we make predictions about the future with the verbs 'expect, think, belivev,etc'

• If an action happened at a definite time in the past time, we use the Past simple Tense